Islamophobia Is The Emotion Of Prejudice Against Islam And...

The world is filled with different people, different ethnicities, different religions, and different understandings. A person would think that people would be captivated by the differences and would love to explore, learn and accept these distinctions; it brings more knowledge to the world. However, people would rather be appalled by these differences and rather xenophobic. One of the most notorious phobias’ exhibited in the United States is Islamophobia. Islamophobia is the emotion of prejudice against Islam and Muslims. It is typical for people to feel uncomfortable, at first, when they are surrounded by individuals that are unfamiliar. However centuries later, people are still not accustomed to the ethnic differences the world has to offer. The main problem is that we tend to associate each race with a different trait. Black people are known to be slaves, white people are known to be arrogant, Hispanic people are known to be cheating thieves, and Muslim people are known to be terrorists. It has reached a point where people detest a whole religion, a whole community based on stereotypes and the actions of a minority. After the brutal attack on the United States, known as 9/11, hatred toward Muslims has grown. As a result, people have been attacking Muslims verbally and physically for carrying the same religion of some vicious extremists that honestly are a disgrace to the religion of Islam. Nonetheless, 1.6 billion Muslims should not take the consequences and suffer fromShow MoreRelatedIslamophobi Psychology Of Humans1370 Words   |  6 PagesIslamophobia: Psychology of Humans Cecilia Zaragoza Delta ID: 98-491-7916 Instructor: J. Dhillon Psychology 001: Intro Tuesdays Thursday LHA: 1:55pm-3:25pm Abstract Islamophobia is a society constructed term that came to be after the Terrorist attack of â€Å"9/11.† Humans who fear Muslims for who they are invented a new meaning to the term being Islamic and Muslim. Just as in the past, how humans have created racism and prejudicism towards people of color, now society is doingRead MoreAnti Muslim And Anti Islam Sentiments And Associated Everything Muslim Related With Negative Stereotypes1389 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the West had formed ‘anti-Muslim’ or ‘anti-Islam’ sentiments and associated everything Muslim related with negative stereotypes has been widely accepted since the publication of Orientalism by Edward Said in the late 1970s. It is through this divide that the term Islamophobia was first seen as a distinct term after the 1997 publication of the report â€Å"Islamophobia: A Challenge for Us All† by the British Runnymede Trust (1997). Since then, the term Islamophobia has been widely used in a varietyRead MoreEssay On Islamophobia1063 Words   |  5 Pagesreligion of Islam. In return, a new word emerged known as â€Å"Islamophobia.† According to Oxford dictionary, Islamophobia is â€Å"dislike of or prejudice against Islam or Muslims. Islamophobia increases as the media portrays Muslims as terrorists.* Most, if not all, media platforms are controlled by economic and political elites. In other words, the elites have the power to label individuals and groups as â€Å"enemies of society† and decide what general people have to see.* The idea of Islamophobia is drivenRead MoreArticle Review : The List Created By The Runnymede Trust Runs2045 Words   |  9 PagesFrance and Switzerland, has become a vehicle for Islamophobia and creates even greater hardship for Muslims everywhere. On a social level, the Runnymede Trust’s forewarning of Islamophobia becoming more respectable is actualizing. Intellectual Islamophobia in the ilk of Bill Maher is becoming increasingly popular in American culture, and it runs largely on the views the report points out. An important aspect in the discussion about Islam, and one that ties into why a commentator like BillRead MoreWhat Is The Theme Of The Song Of Roland1747 Words   |  7 Pageswho are together engaged in a holy war against the Muslims in Spain. Unfortunately, the role of ignorance and jealousy combining to breed fear and hatred is a recurring theme in history ultimately exhibiting itself in the form of prejudice, and is a theme found in this story. The song of Roland which was, at the time of the First Crusade, established many of the Islamophobic themes we still hear today. The forces of good against the forces of evil. Muslims as â€Å"the other†, the sneaky, treacherousRead MoreI Gained A New Perspective On Gathering Information Essay1052 Words   |  5 Pagesgathering information. This is the first time I listened to a podcast that wasn’t about sports, so it was different sitting through this one. Episode 6 of â€Å"About Race† focused on 3 things Islamophobia, America’s infatuation with biracial people, and Asians saying higher education universities is in fact discriminating against them by making it harder for them to get accept there. The first topic they discussed was the controversial Muhammed drawing contest that was held in Texas, by a right wing activistRead MoreControversies of Racism1274 Words   |  6 Pagesnew concept within everyday American society that many raw emotions still cloud their judgment. Now in the 21st Century, racism still exists and in varying forms. Not only is there racial discrimination, religion is discriminated against also. When you see a Muslim man walking down the street or a woman wearing a burka, do you cower in fear? There is this new phobia called Islamophobia where there is hatred, prejudice or fear of a Muslim person and this term came to use after the September 11 terroristRead MoreThe Violence Of The United States2062 Words   |  9 PagesIn the United States alone, Muslims make up at least 1% of the population; which is 3.3 million people (Pew Research,2015). Since America is noted as a free and accepting country, any individual from outside the U.S, would easily come to the conclusion that all Muslims in every corner of the United States are being treated the same as everyone else. That is, unfortunately, not true; Attacks and discriminatory actions have become common in the lives of some Muslim adolescents that are currently livingRead MoreDive rsity Of Religions, Perceptions, Culture, Ideologies, And Belief Systems2465 Words   |  10 Pagestreated the issue of diversity. Even Islam is a true religion in the sight of God; there is no restriction for respecting other religions and their adherents. No one is allowed to force to embrace God’s religion. According to the Qur’an,the social differences are recognized to show greatness of the Creator and not to show the superiority among one another in terms of colour, language, religion or race. Western scholar Watt writes, â€Å"One of the distinctive marks of Islam, compared with other great world-religionsRead MoreIslamic Religion Of Islam And Islam2553 Words   |  11 Pagesfour words establish the fundamental explanation of the word Islam. A deep study of Islamic teachings and thought reveals that Islam is a religion of peace, security and protection; the true believers in the sight of God and His Messenger are those who embody those qualities. The domina nt religion of Islam has been the center of much attention and controversy in today’s civilization. The Western perspective subjugates Islam and the Muslim counterparts as violent, aggressive, deviant and terroristic;

Arson Is a Seirous Problem in the United States - 1510 Words

Arson is a serious problem in the United States, being the number one cause of all fires, the number two cause of fire death and the cause of over one billion dollars of damage every year. Webster defines arson as â€Å" The crime of maliciously burning somebody else’s building or property or of burning one’s own to get insurance money.† Arson is thought of as an insurance concern, an invisible â€Å"paper lose† by the general populace, but for the firefighters who have been injured or killed responding to set fires and the hundreds of civilians killed each year in incendiary or suspicious building fires, arson looms as a significant issue that is anything but invisible. Arson is the malicious or fraudulent burning of property. A fire I a†¦show more content†¦The primary concern about fires set in churches is that they have been racially motivated. Of 230 church burnings in 1994 41% targeted black churches and 59% targeted white churches. In o ver 100 arrests, racial hatred was found to be a main motive for arson. Of those arrested 66% where white and 34% were black. In 1996 the problem of church arson increased sharply. As a result president Clinton formed the National Church Arson Task Force (NCATF), to coordinate the efforts of federal, state and local law enforcement agencies. Congress also then passed the Church Arson Prevention Act (CAPA), which expanded the options available to prosecutors when dealing with malicious acts aimed at houses of worship, since NCATF was passed the incidence of arson at houses of worship declined steadily. The most common motives for arson have been found to be: vandalism, excitement/attention seeking, revenge/spite, crime concealment, economic reasons, extremist/terrorism, and people with mental problems. Crime concealment is when arson is used to conceal another crime such as murder, burglary, or vehicle theft. There are some people that have been found to have an irresistible impulse to set fires. Economic Reasons may consist of insurance fraud, debt removal, direct monetary gain, elimination of unwanted ownership, and arson-for-profit. The profit may come in several forms: from insurance

Professional Athletes and Illegal Steroid Use Free Essays

Athletes of the modern sports are pushing their body to the limits, not only through rigid practice and training, new techniques and strategies but also by enhancing or altering the body’s physiological make up.   Admittedly, the use of drugs in today’s sport is widespread.   Statistics show that athletes even the amateur ones as young as 12 years old are already taking steroids or drugs to enhance their performance in their respective fields. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Athletes and Illegal Steroid Use or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a survey conducted by the NCAA in 2004, it was reported that among 19-22 year-olds, 18.9% of them responded that they knew friends within the same age bracket who are taking steroids and who are playing a sport and 3% of high school seniors are using steroids as performance enhancers, how much more for the professional athletes who have a lot more at stake than just name, reputation, medal and trophy. So what are steroids and why has it raised so many clamors, not only among the field of sports but also among the field of science?   If an athlete takes steroids, would it be tantamount to cheating as he is not utilizing his own body’s capabilities but that of a drug?  Ã‚   Drugs commonly referred to as steroids are classified as anabolic, androgenic, and corticosteroids.   Corticosteroids are used to control inflammation.   Anabolic steroids which have been the object of media attention are the kind of drugs which is used by athletes and body builders to improve and bulk up their profile and body’s physiology. Anabolic is a Greek word which means to â€Å"build up† and these are synthetic hormones that cause the body to produce more muscle at the same time preventing muscle break down.  Ã‚   In the United States, it is illegal to take anabolic steroids without prescription from a doctor.   Androgenics or androstenedione (andros) is a lesser or weake r kind of anabolic steroid.   It primarily works by increasing testosterone and muscle proteins and many of weigh lifters take this steroid. The Benefits of Steroids The human body produces steroids naturally.   In the case of anabolic steroids, they resemble the chemical structure of the male sex hormone testosterone.   It facilitates the development of the male secondary sexual characteristics as well as facilitating muscle growth.   [Hobart, Sarah]. But just like any other development in science, steroids were not developed in order to enhance an athlete’s capabilities.   Rather it was developed in the 1930s in order to treat hypogonadism.   People with such disorder do not produce enough testosterone and the use of steroid helps replace the much needed testosterone.   Such success caught up with the athletes.   In 1956 Olympics, Russian athletes who used steroids were observed to be using catheters when urinating.   Ironically, the athletes had trouble urinating because their prostates have enlarged because of the excessive use of the drug. Subsequent observations and studies have manifested the benefits of the use of steroids by professional athletes.   Weight lifters who used steroids were seen to have increased their muscle strength and muscle growth. In comparison to those weight lifters who used steroids, those who took placebo or did not take anything at all showed a very slow increase in muscle growth and strength.   Steroids not only enhance the athletic performance of athletes, it also provide for the development of a physically fit, tighter and toner body not only for men but also for women. The Risks and Effects Just like any other drug, steroids have also its share of risks and side effects.   One of the particular concerns of health officials over steroid use for a prolonged period is liver damage, increased risk in heart disease.   The side effects of the steroid use are also severe.   For men who use steroids, they tend to develop â€Å"breasts† or gynecomastia, painful prolonged erection (priapism) and edema due to water and sodium retention.   In the case of the Russian athletes in 1956, they had trouble urinating due to the enlargement of their prostates.  Ã‚   Cardiovascular problems also occur due to the increase of â€Å"bad† cholesterol or the low-density lipoprotein levels instead of enhancing the â€Å"good† cholesterol or the high-density lipoprotein levels.   With these harmful physical effects, psychological problems also come up.   There was an indication that man who takes steroids showed behavioral changes like being aggressive. On the other hand, women who use steroids suffer irreversible damages unlike the men who can correct what ever side effect they have after discontinuing the use of such drug.   Women develop facial hair growth, enlarged clitoris, and coarser skin.   They also increase the same cardiovascular problems like the men do.   Women also are at risk of infertility and other reproductive disorders.   Admittedly, professional athletes both men and women still continue to use illegal steroids disregarding the risks even death because of their desire to win. Ethics The debate of the use of steroids is not only limited to the health concerns.   Rather, the use of steroids by professional athletes is centered on ethics. One argument over steroid use by professional athletes is that it is a form of cheating.   When using steroids as performance enhancing drugs, they tend to depend on the drugs capability instead of their own.   Athletes using performance-enhancers seek to increase their athletic ability via drugs rather than through the training process, which requires true commitment and effort on the part of the athlete (â€Å"Steroids: Play Safe,† 2004). The athletes who are the center and the heart of the game use steroids to win or better their chances in winning, they gave into the power of the drugs over them instead of wielding and showcasing their strengths.   This is ultimately being unfair to other athletes and professional players who only depend on their prowess, not of the drugs.   And since professional athletes play to win, as they are paid to do so, those who do not use steroids are extremely pressured to use them too in order to compete with the other athletes who have exceedingly enhanced performance. Another point raised on the ethical perspective of the use of steroid is that such use of a performance-enhancing drug allows professional athletes to tap into their undiscovered potentials. Although as discussed above, the athletes are the hearts of the game and they should be the one controlling it, not some drug, still with the aid of the drug, they are only harnessing their potentials to full use.   The privacy and the rights of the athletes to do to his body whatever he thinks is beneficial to him must be respected. Providing a stricter regulation on the use of steroid among professional athletes will not solve the problem. The decision to use or not to use such drug must be left to the discretion of the athlete.   The use of steroids among professional athletes may ultimately have been the result of â€Å"media hype†, and the ban on the use of such has been based on moral panic. By the making the use of steroids criminal, through drug testing may be even the cause of more health risks for the athletes.   As it is impossible to acquire the drug through a doctor, they instead turn to the underground or black market.   Instead of providing adequate help to the athletes who may limit or control the use of such drugs, banning it is ultimately forcing them to continue using steroids thereby driving them to further health risks in the first place. Athletes especially the professional ones are the role models of society especially the youth.   They have been looked up to by the society as pillars that are looked up to.   While each individual have the rights to do what he thinks is best for his own self, the state or the government can still impose regulations among its citizens especially if it concerns the health of many. The question of ethics should not come first but the health concerns. Although there have been reports and studies about the long time effects of the use of steroids, published cases of tumors and cancer-related cases, health experts and researchers do not exactly know the consequences   of steroid abuse   Ã‚  Even with all the data and reports submitted by researchers and users alike, still this are not conclusive and may be inaccurate. And so the federal government has issued a ban on the use of such.   Possession of steroids with the intent of distributing it is considered illegal and punishable by law.   Likewise, the use of steroids in sports is considered to be a violation of sports leagues and councils even the ethics of sportsmanship. But even with all the ban and regulation made by the government for the use of steroids especially in professional sports, many athletes still continue to use it despite warnings of its risks.   As drug testing is one way of determining whether an athlete is using steroids or not, professional athletes have found a way to go about and escape such drug testing. Just like the Ben Johnson who failed to bring home the gold in the 1988 Summer Olympics when he tested positive for steroids.   The catch is, he took 19 drug tests before that before he failed in the Seoul Games which eventually led to the forfeiture of his gold medal.   Ultimately, it is really up to the athlete whether he will use steroids to enhance his athletic performance or not notwithstanding the ban and regulation made by the federal government and the question of ethics as well. Reference: Bahrke, M.S., and C.E. Yesalis.   â€Å"The Future of Performance-Enhancing Substances in Sport.† The Physician and Sports Medicine , 2002, 30(11):1-21. Chuey, Daniel, Introduction to Benefits and Risks     www.biodavidson.edu accessed 1/30/06 Chyka, P.A.. â€Å"Androgenic-anabolic steroids.† Clinical Toxicology. Philadelphia.WB Saunders, 2001, 595-601. Hobart, Sarah, â€Å"Athlete Use and Abuse of Performance Enhancing Drugs â€Å"www.biodavidson.edu accessed 1/30/06 NCAA. â€Å"NCAA Drug-Testing Results 2002-2003.† Accessed 01/30/06 http://www1.ncaa.org/membership/ed_outreach/health-safety/drug_testing/0203results.html 2003. 2004. â€Å"Steroids: Play Safe, Play Fair.† American Academy of Pediatrics. http://www.aap.org/family/steroids.htm. 1 Oct. 2004. How to cite Professional Athletes and Illegal Steroid Use, Essay examples

Organisational Culture and Responses for Resistance to Change

Question: Discuss about theOrganisational Culture and Responses for Resistance to Change. Answer: Introduction The organizational culture is a framework which has been practiced within the organization which involves a shared belief, values, norms etc. The organizational culture would shape the behaviour of the employees within the organization and can enhance their potential to yield results. Some of the elements of culture which are observable include the practices, languages and symbols. Some other factors which are not observable include the norms, values and assumptions. The shared assumptions and beliefs within the organization will make the employees to view a particular situation in the same perspective and will enhance coordination. This would make the goal achievement process much easier. Through sharing the values and norms the organization culture is making the employees to share the preferences, behaviour, moral, customs etc (Mills, Mills, 2017). The organizational culture supports shared values and behaviour but also restricts some taboos like the culturally forbidden activities within the organization. This makes the employees aware that what has to be practiced within the organization and what not to be. Hence the organization culture can contribute in the maintenance of the discipline within the organization. In the modern business environment almost all the business organizations holds an effective and well defined organizational culture which would make them to practice their vision, mission, and objectives effectively. Through a effective organizational culture the employees can be motivated, encouraged, spread respect and recognition, avoid discrimination, enhance the potential of the employees, enhance the employee loyalty etc (Dubey et al, 2017). When relating the organizational culture to the organizational change management, it plays a vital role in implementing changes within the organization. In the business world the change is mandatory and the organizations will have to accept it for its survival and sustainability. Due to the continuous changes in the technology, customer preferences, the changes in the competitors strategy etc it is essential that organization should also make necessary changes in their strategy in order to gain competitive advantage. In almost all organizations the organization culture is developed in such as manner that it has specific tools and techniques to implement the changes in the organization effectively (Lau et al, 2017). When the organization change is taken into consideration the most challenging factor which the HRM would have to face is the employees resistance to change. The employee resistance to change can be considered as an emotional and the behavioural responses of the employees by considering various internal and external factors. They could imagine some threat associated with the new change and could restrict them to get adapted to that change. This can be considered as a major challenge for the organization which can directly impact the profitability, performance, competitive advantage and the sustainability of the organization. Hence it is essential that the management should respond to this resistance to change appropriately to avoid the negative impact (Lee, Kramer, 2016). Some of the primary reasons behind the resistance of change are discussed here. Loss of status or job security: The organizational changes sometimes trigger the job security of the employees. Due to the changes in the organizational structure some employees may lose their job or can lose their job position. This can be considered as a reason for the employee resistance to change. Some employees or manager can also lose their authority which can also make them to resist against the changes. Non-reinforcing the rewarding system: The employees resist changing when there is no positive reinforcement in the organizational culture. Only if the positive behaviours are encouraged or rewarded it would be repeated. When the HRM fails to respond properly or positively to the effort taken by the employees to change, the employees interest to take effort to change would reduce and hence can resist to get adapt to the changes in the future (Yousef, 2017). Fear of failure: The changes in the organization in terms of technology, operations etc can put the employees into a doubt that whether they can win through adopting the new practice. This doubt can eliminate the self confidence within the employees which can resist them to take actions to adopt the new change. Under such circumstances the employees may oppose to take up the changes and also resist considering the potential benefits of the change that can bring on him. Peer pressure or poor group dynamics: The group dynamics can play an important role or can influence the employee behaviour towards the change in a large extent. If the group members have a negative opinion about the change then it can be reflected on the individual also. Under some situations the criticism of the peers can also eliminate the self confidence of the employee and can restrict himself to take the new change as a challenge (Kuusela, Keil, Maula, 2017). Breaking of the routines: Through adopting the new change the daily routine of the employee would be get affected. This can make the employee unpleasant and can contribute to the resistance of changes. Response towards the employee resistance change The organization culture can respond to this resistance of the employees to get adapted to the changes in a diplomatic manner. Some of the external and the internal factors which the organizational culture can consider for responding to the resistance to the change are discussed here. Internal environmental factors Setting up SMART objectives: The organization culture can respond to the resistance of the changes through setting SMART objectives. The specific, measurable, achievable, reachable and time bound objective for the implementation of the changes will provide a clarity in the employees about the need, outcome and the benefit of the changes to the employees and the organization. This understanding can reduce ambiguity, fear etc and enhance confidence in the employees and will make them ready to adopt changes (Clegg, Matos, 2017). Effective Conflict management: An organizational culture with effective conflict management will enable the management to listen to the issues and fear of the employees regarding the change and can adopt various strategies to overcome those resistances to the change. Empowering and Encouraging: Empowering the employees to make appropriate decisions in relation to the adaptation to the new change will make them self responsible and motivated. Seeking the employee opinions can make them privileged and can motivate them to go forward with the changes. Recognizing and encouraging the efforts taken by the employees for getting adapted to the changes can persuade them to take more effort and accept the changes in all manners. An effective organizational culture always focuses on encouraging and empowering (Bridges, Bridges, 2017). Training and development: An effective organizational culture believes in the provision of the periodic training and development for enhancing the potential of the employees. Similarily in the case of the organizational change the training and development can develop the employees knowledge and potential towards the changes and can hence enhance the confidence in them. This will reduce fear, lack of confidence, fear of status, etc which are the main factors influencing the employee behaviour towards the change. Incentives and compensation: Only if the employees are provided with enough compensation and incentives they will be motivated towards the goal achievement. Hence in case of the organizational change also rewarding can be an effective method of responding to the resistance to the change of the employees. Through this the employees will get motivated to take up new changes and experiment on it how it can be accomplished effectively. Monetary and non-monetary rewards can serve the purpose of overcoming the resistance to the change (Jabbarian, Chegini, 2017). External environmental factors Career Growth: The organizational culture can respond to the resistance of change through highlighting the career growth which the employees can experience when they go out of the organization. Through making them understand about the development and growth which the employees can gain through accepting this change can motivate them to adapt the change and implement if effectively. Career development will be the ultimate aim of the employees. If they recognize that through accepting the change they can get updated with the external environment requirements and competition then the resistance would get eliminated (Ybema, Horvers, 2017). Competitive advantage of the organization: The organization culture can arrange sessions which explains the requirement of the change for the organization to be competitive in the market. The management should make the employee to understand how critical the change for the organization and for its sustainability is. This can motivate them being a loyal employee (Mathews et al, 2016). Customer requirement: Reflecting and highlighting the customer requirements and preferences and mentioning the change is mandatory to make the customer satisfied can motivate the employees to take up the change. Through making the requirement and purpose of change clear would reduce ambiguity and hence the resistance can be eliminated (Bravo, Matute, Pina, 2017). Conclusion Organizational culture is an important component of the organization which makes it operate towards its success. An effective organizational culture would enhance the performance level of the employees as well as that of the organization. The organization culture could also contribute to the elimination of the employee resistance to the organizational changes. The effective organization culture can respond to the employee resistance to change positively and can make them adapted to the changes through various strategies. If the culture remains successful in highlighting the purpose of the change the resistance can be avoided. References Bridges, W., Bridges, S. (2017). Managing transitions: Making the most of change. Da Capo Press. Bravo, R., Matute, J., Pina, J. M. (2017). Corporate identity management and employees responses. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 25(1), 1-13. Clegg, S. R., Matos, J. (2017). Sustainability and Organizational Change Management. Routledge Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., Helo, P., Papadopoulos, T., Childe, S. J., Sahay, B. S. (2017). Explaining the impact of reconfigurable manufacturing systems on environmental performance: The role of top management and organizational culture. Journal of Cleaner Production, 141, 56-66. Helms Mills, J. C., Mills, A. J. (2017). Rules, Sensemaking, Formative Contexts, and Discourse in the Gendering of Organizational Culture?. In Insights and Research on the Study of Gender and Intersectionality in International Airline Cultures (pp. 49-69). Emerald Publishing Limited. Jabbarian, J., Chegini, M. G. (2017). The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on Employee Resistance to Change: A Study on Guilan Municipal Staff. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 5(4), 642-654. Kuusela, P., Keil, T., Maula, M. (2017). Driven by aspirations, but in what direction? Performance shortfalls, slack resources, and resource?consuming vs. resource?freeing organizational change. Strategic Management Journal, 38(5), 1101-1120. Lau, P. Y. Y., McLean, G. N., Hsu, Y. C., Lien, B. Y. H. (2017). Learning organization, organizational culture, and affective commitment in Malaysia: A personorganization fit theory. Human Resource Development International, 20(2), 159-179. Lee, Y., Kramer, A. (2016, January). National Culture, Organizational Culture, and Purposeful Diversity and Inclusion Strategy. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2016, No. 1, p. 11858). Academy of Management. Mathews, B., Mathews, B., Linski, C. M., Linski, C. M. (2016). Shifting the paradigm: reevaluating resistance to organizational change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 29(6), 963-972. Yousef, D. A. (2017). Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Attitudes toward Organizational Change: A Study in the Local Government. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(1), 77-88. Ybema, S., Horvers, M. (2017). Resistance Through Compliance: The Strategic and Subversive Potential of Frontstage and Backstage Resistance. Organization Studies, 0170840617709305.